Drugs

Maintenance treatments for opiate dependent adolescent

Abstract Background The scientific literature examining effective treatments for opioid-dependent adults clearly indicates that pharmacotherapy is a necessary and acceptable component. Nevertheless, no reviews have been published that systematically assess the effectiveness of pharmacological maintenance treatment in adolescents. Objectives To assess the effectiveness of any maintenance treatment alone or in combination with psychosocial intervention compared […]

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Detoxification treatments for opiate dependent adolescents

Abstract Background The scientific literature examining effective treatments for opioid dependent adults clearly indicates that pharmacotherapy is a necessary and acceptable component of effective treatments for opioid dependence. Nevertheless, no studies have been published that systematically assess the effectiveness of the pharmacological detoxification among adolescents. Objectives To assess the effectiveness of any detoxification treatment alone […]

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Buprenorphine maintenance versus placebo or methadone maintenance for opioid dependence

Abstract Background Buprenorphine maintenance treatment has been evaluated in randomised controlled trials against placebo medication, and separately as an alternative to methadone for management of opioid dependence. Objectives To evaluate buprenorphine maintenance compared to placebo and to methadone maintenance in the management of opioid dependence, including its ability to retain people in treatment, suppress illicit […]

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Maintenance agonist treatments for opiate dependent pregnant women

Abstract Abstract Background The prevalence of opiate use among pregnant women can range from 1% to 2% to as high as 21%. Heroin crosses the placenta and pregnant, opiate-dependent women experience a six-fold increase in maternal obstetric complications such as low birth weight, toxaemia, third trimester bleeding, malpresentation, puerperal morbidity, fetal distress and meconium aspiration. […]

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Efficacy of psychostimulant drugs for amphetamine abuse or dependence

Abstract Background Amphetamine dependence is a public health problem with medical, psychiatric, cognitive, legal and socioeconomic consequences. To date, no pharmacological treatment has been approved for this disorder, and psychotherapy remains the mainstay of treatment. In recent years, psychostimulants have been investigated as a possible replacement therapy. Objectives To evaluate the efficacy and safety of […]

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Slow-release oral morphine as maintenance therapy for opioid dependence

Abstract Background Opioid substitution treatments are effective in retaining people in treatment and suppressing heroin use. An open question remains whether slow-release oral morphine (SROM) could represent a possible alternative for opioid-dependent people who respond poorly to other available maintenance treatments. Objectives To evaluate the efficacy of SROM as an alternative maintenance pharmacotherapy for the […]

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Methadone at tapered doses for the management of opioid withdrawal

Abstract Background The evidence of tapered methadone’s efficacy in managing opioid withdrawal has been systematically evaluated in the previous version of this review that needs to be updated Objectives To evaluate the effectiveness of tapered methadone compared with other detoxification treatments and placebo in managing opioid withdrawal on completion of detoxification and relapse rate. Search […]

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Pharmacological therapies for maintenance treatments of opium dependence

Abstract Background Pharmacologic therapies for maintenance treatment of heroin dependence have been used and studied widely. Systematic reviews have demonstrated the effectiveness of such therapies. Opium dependence is associated with less problems and impairments and is less likely to be used by injecting, with consequent reductions in risk of overdose and blood-borne diseases. Although it […]

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Antidepressants for cocaine dependence and problematic cocaine use

Abstract Background Cocaine dependence is a disorder for which no pharmacological treatment of proven efficacy exists, advances in the neurobiology could guide future medication development. Objectives To investigate the efficacy and acceptability of antidepressants alone or in combination with any psychosocial intervention for the treatment of cocaine dependence and problematic cocaine use. Search methods We […]

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Heroin maintenance for chronic heroin-dependent individuals

Abstract Background Several types of medications have been used for stabilizing heroin users: Methadone, Buprenorphine and levo-alpha-acetyl-methadol (LAAM.) The present review focuses on the prescription of heroin to heroin-dependent individuals. Objectives To compare heroin maintenance to methadone or other substitution treatments for opioid dependence regarding: efficacy and acceptability, retaining patients in treatment, reducing the use […]

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