Pentoxifylline, propentofylline and pentifylline for acute ischaemic stroke
Abstract Background Methylxanthine derivatives are vasodilators. They also inhibit platelet aggregation and thromboxane A2 synthesis, decrease the release of free radicals and may be neuroprotective. This review covers an area where no active research is taking place. It will be updated if relevant information becomes available, e.g. on completion of an appropriate study. Objectives To […]
Theophylline, aminophylline, caffeine and analogues for acute ischaemic stroke
Abstract Background Theophylline causes potent cerebral vasoconstriction which decreases blood flow in the non-ischaemic areas of the brain and increases collateral blood flow surrounding the ischaemic region. NOTE: This review covers an area where no active research is taking place. It will be updated if relevant information becomes available. Objectives To assess the effect of […]
Glycerol for acute stroke
Abstract Background Brain oedema is a major cause of early death after stroke. A 10% solution of glycerol is a hyperosmolar agent that is claimed to reduce brain oedema. Objectives To determine whether intravenous glycerol treatment in acute stroke, either ischaemic or haemorrhagic, influences death rates and functional outcome in the short or long term, […]
Thrombolysis for cerebral vein and dural sinus thrombosis
Abstract Background Treatment of cerebral sinus thrombosis with thrombolytics has been reported in cases with a deteriorating clinical course despite anticoagulant therapy. The rationale of this treatment is to promote rapid recanalisation of the occluded sinus. Objectives To review the available evidence on the efficacy and safety of thrombolysis in confirmed cerebral sinus thrombosis. Search […]
Excitatory amino acid antagonists for acute stroke
Abstract Background Focal cerebral ischaemia causes release of excitatory amino acid (EAA) neurotransmitters, principally glutamate, with resultant over-stimulation of EAA receptors and downstream pathways. Excess glutamate release is a pivotal event in the evolution of irreversible ischaemic damage in animal models of ischaemia, and drugs that modulate glutamate action either by inhibiting its release, or […]
Fibrinolytic therapy for intraventricular hemorrhage in adults
Abstract Background Spontaneous or secondary intraventricular hemorrhage is a marker of poor prognosis for hemorrhagic stroke. It can cause hydrocephalus and require ventricular shunt placement, result in permanent neurological deficits or death. Fibrinolytic agents injected into the ventricular system could dissolve blood clots, increase the clearance of blood from the ventricles and hence improve outcome. […]
Anticoagulants versus antiplatelet agents for acute ischaemic stroke
Abstract Background Antiplatelet agents produce a small, but worthwhile benefit in long-term functional outcome and survival, and have become standard treatment for acute ischaemic stroke. Anticoagulants are often used as an alternative treatment, despite evidence that they are ineffective in producing long-term benefits. We wanted to review trials which have directly compared anticoagulants and antiplatelet […]
Lubeluzole for acute ischaemic stroke
Abstract Background Experimental studies have shown that ischaemic insults cause excess release of excitatory amino acid (EAA) neurotransmitters, particularly glutamate. Glutamate re-uptake is impaired under ischaemic conditions. In preclinical models of stroke, antagonists of excitatory amino acids or of glutamate release protect against ischaemic injury, even when administered after the ischaemic insult. Lubeluzole is a […]
Gangliosides for acute ischaemic stroke
Abstract Background Gangliosides may have a protective effect on the central and peripheral nervous systems. Objectives To assess the effect of exogenous gangliosides in acute ischaemic stroke. Search methods We searched the Cochrane Stroke Group trials register (last searched: May 2001) and contacted drug companies and main investigators of included trials. Selection criteria Randomised trials […]
Tirilazad for acute ischaemic stroke
Abstract Background Tirilazad mesylate is neuroprotective in experimental models of ischaemic stroke suggesting it might be of benefit clinically. Objectives To assess whether tirilazad mesylate is safe and effective at improving outcome in patients with acute ischaemic stroke. Search methods Trials of tirilazad were identified from searches of the Cochrane Stroke Group Trials Register (last […]