Botulinum toxin for the treatment of strabismus
Abstract Background The use of botulinum toxin as an investigative and treatment modality for strabismus is well reported in the medical literature. However, it is unclear how effective it is in comparison to other treatment options for strabismus. Objectives The primary objective was to examine the efficacy of botulinum toxin therapy in the treatment of […]
Antibiotics for the neurological complications of Lyme disease
Abstract Background Various central nervous system-penetrant antibiotics are bactericidal in vitro and in vivo against the causative agent of Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB), Borrelia burgdorferi. These antibiotics are routinely used clinically to treat LNB, but their relative efficacy is not clear. Objectives To assess the effects of antibiotics for the treatment of LNB. Search methods On […]
Corticosteroids for Bell’s palsy (idiopathic facial paralysis)
Abstract Background Inflammation and oedema of the facial nerve are implicated in causing Bell’s palsy. Corticosteroids have a potent anti‐inflammatory action that should minimise nerve damage. This is an update of a review first published in 2002 and last updated in 2010. Objectives To determine the effectiveness and safety of corticosteroid therapy in people with […]
Ascorbic acid for the treatment of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease
Abstract Background Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) comprises a large group of different forms of hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy. The molecular basis of several CMT subtypes has been clarified during the last 20 years. Since slowly progressive muscle weakness and sensory disturbances are the main features of these syndromes, treatments aim to improve motor impairment and […]
Surgery for nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy
Abstract Background Nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) is characterized by sudden and painless loss of vision in the eye, accompanied by pallid swelling of the optic disc. Its etiology is unknown and no medical therapy has been proven effective in treating this condition. Optic nerve decompression surgery, a proposed treatment for NAION, involves making […]
Non-antiepileptic drugs for trigeminal neuralgia
Abstract Background Trigeminal neuralgia was defined by the International Association for the Study of Pain as a sudden, usually unilateral, severe, brief, stabbing recurrent pain in the distribution of one or more branches of the fifth cranial nerve. Standard treatment is with anti-epileptic drugs. Non-antiepileptic drugs have been used in the management of trigeminal neuralgia […]
Surgical interventions for the early management of Bell’s palsy
Abstract Background Bell’s palsy is an acute paralysis of one side of the face of unknown aetiology. Bell’s palsy should only be used as a diagnosis in the absence of all other pathology. As the proposed pathophysiology is swelling and entrapment of the nerve, some surgeons suggest surgical decompression of the nerve as a possible […]
Surgery for traumatic optic neuropathy
Abstract Background Traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) is an important cause of severe visual loss following blunt or penetrating head trauma. Following the initial insult optic nerve swelling within the optic nerve canal or compression by bone fragments are thought to result in secondary retinal ganglion cell loss. Optic nerve decompression with steroids or surgical interventions […]
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for Bell’s palsy
Abstract Background Bell’s palsy is an idiopathic, acute unilateral facial weakness that evolves rapidly and is maximal within two days. Moderate ear discomfort, sensitivity to sound and reduced tearing may occur. Objectives To assess the effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on recovery of facial function in adults with moderate to severe Bell’s palsy. Search methods […]
Physical therapy for Bell´s palsy (idiopathic facial paralysis)
Abstract Background Bell’s palsy (idiopathic facial paralysis) is commonly treated by various physical therapy strategies and devices, but there are many questions about their efficacy. Objectives To evaluate physical therapies for Bell’s palsy (idiopathic facial palsy). Search methods We searched the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (The […]