Computerised cognitive training for 12 or more weeks for maintaining cognitive function in cognitively healthy people in late lifemaintaining cognitive function in cognitively healthy people in late life
Abstract Background Increasing age is associated with a natural decline in cognitive function and is the greatest risk factor for dementia. Cognitive decline and dementia are significant threats to independence and quality of life in older adults. Therefore, identifying interventions that help to maintain cognitive function in older adults or that reduce the risk of […]
Computerised cognitive training for maintaining cognitive function in cognitively healthy people in midlife
Abstract Background Normal aging is associated with changes in cognitive function that are non‐pathological and are not necessarily indicative of future neurocognitive disease. Low cognitive and brain reserve and limited cognitive stimulation are associated with increased risk of dementia. Emerging evidence now suggests that subtle cognitive changes, detectable years before criteria for mild cognitive impairment […]
Vitamin and mineral supplementation for maintaining cognitive function in cognitively healthy people in mid and late life
Abstract Background Vitamins and minerals play multiple functions within the central nervous system which may help to maintain brain health and optimal cognitive functioning. Supplementation of the diet with various vitamins and minerals has been suggested as a means ofmaintaining cognitive function, or even of preventing dementia, inlater life. Objectives To evaluate the effects of […]
L-carnitine for cognitive enhancement in people without cognitive impairment
Abstract Background Safe interventions to enhance cognitive function in cognitively healthy people would be very valuable for several reasons, including a better quality of life and professional success. While L-carnitine has been reported to enhance cognitive function in some conditions, its efficacy is disputed. The evidence of its efficacy for cognitively healthy people has not […]
Aerobic exercise to improve cognitive function in older people without known cognitive impairment
Abstract Background There is increasing evidence that physical activity supports healthy ageing. Exercise is helpful for cardiovascular, respiratory and musculoskeletal systems, among others. Aerobic activity, in particular, improves cardiovascular fitness and, based on recently reported findings, may also have beneficial effects on cognition among older people. Objectives To assess the effect of aerobic physical activity, […]
Cognition-based interventions for healthy older people and people with mild cognitive impairment
Abstract Background Evidence from some, but not all non-randomised studies suggest the possibility that cognitive training may influence cognitive functioning in older people. Due to the differences among cognitive training interventions reported in the literature, giving a general overview of the current literature remains difficult. Objectives To systematically review the literature and summarize the effect […]
Ginseng for cognition
Abstract Background Ginseng is a herbal medicine in widespread use throughout the world. Its effect on the brain and nervous system has been investigated. It has been suggested, on the basis of both laboratory and clinical studies, that it may have beneficial effects on cognitive performance. Objectives To evaluate the efficacy and adverse effects of […]
Folic acid with or without vitamin B12 for the prevention and treatment of healthy elderly and demented people
Abstract Background Folate deficiency can result in congenital neural tube defects and megaloblastic anaemia. Low folate levels may be due to insufficient dietary intake or inefficient absorption, but impaired metabolic utilization also occurs. Because B12 deficiency can produce a similar anaemia to folate deficiency, there is a risk that folate supplementation can delay the diagnosis […]
Hormone replacement therapy for cognitive function in postmenopausal women
Abstract Background As estrogens have been found in animal models to be associated with the maintenance and protection of brain structures, it is biologically plausible that maintaining high levels of estrogens in postmenopausal women by medication could be protective against cognitive decline. Objectives To investigate the effect of ERT (estrogens only) or HRT (estrogens combined […]
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) supplementation for cognitive function in healthy elderly people
Abstract Background In view of the theoretical possibility of beneficial effects of DHEA retarding age-associated deterioration in cognitive function, we have reviewed studies in this area. Objectives To establish whether administration of DHEA improves cognitive function or quality of life or reduces the rate of decline of cognitive function in normal older adults. Search methods […]