Urology

Pelvic floor muscle training versus no treatment, or inactive control treatments, for urinary incontinence in women

Abstract Background Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) is the most commonly used physical therapy treatment for women with stress urinary incontinence (SUI). It is sometimes also recommended for mixed urinary incontinence (MUI) and, less commonly, urgency urinary incontinence (UUI). This is an update of a Cochrane Review first published in 2001 and last updated in […]

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Desmopressin for treating nocturia in men

Abstract Background Nocturia is the bothersome symptom of awakening one or more times per night to void. Desmopressin is a commonly used medication for treating nocturia. Objectives To assess the effects of desmopressin as compared to other interventions in the treatment of nocturia in men. Search methods We performed a comprehensive search of medical literature […]

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Plugs for containing faecal incontinence

Abstract Background Faecal incontinence is a distressing disorder with high social stigma. Not all people with faecal incontinence can be cured with conservative or surgical treatment and they may need to rely on containment products, such as anal plugs. Objectives To assess the performance of different types of anal plugs for containment of faecal incontinence. […]

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Mechanical devices for urinary incontinence in women

Abstract Background Incontinence can have a devastating effect on the lives of sufferers with significant economic implications. Non-surgical treatments such as pelvic floor muscle training and the use of mechanical devices are usually the first line of management, particularly when a woman does not want surgery or when she is considered unfit for surgery. Mechanical […]

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Types of urethral catheters for management of short-term catheterisation in hospitalised adults

Abstract Background Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the most common hospital-acquired infection. The major associated cause is indwelling urethral catheters. Several measures have been introduced to reduce catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs). One of these measures is the introduction of specialised urethral catheters that have been designed to reduce the risk of infection. These include […]

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Surgical management of functional bladder outlet obstruction in adults with neurogenic bladder dysfunction

Abstract Background The most common type of functional bladder outlet obstruction in patients with neurogenic bladder is detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia (DSD). The lack of co-ordination between the bladder and the external urethral sphincter muscle (EUS) in DSD can result in poor bladder emptying and high bladder pressures, which may eventually lead to progressive renal damage. Objectives […]

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Management of faecal incontinence and constipation in adults with central neurological diseases

Abstract Background People with central neurological disease or injury have a much higher risk of both faecal incontinence and constipation than the general population. There is often a fine line between the two symptoms, with any management intended to ameliorate one risking precipitating the other. Bowel problems are observed to be the cause of much […]

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Catheter policies for management of long term voiding problems in adults with neurogenic bladder disorders

Abstract Background Management of the neurogenic bladder has the primary objectives of maintaining continence, ensuring low bladder pressure (to avoid renal damage) and avoiding or minimising infection. Options include intermittent urethral catheterisation, indwelling urethral or suprapubic catheterisation, timed voiding, use of external catheter (for men), drug treatment, augmentation cystoplasty and urinary diversion. Objectives The primary […]

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Urodynamic studies for management of urinary incontinence in children and adults

Abstract Background Urodynamic tests are used to investigate people who have urinary incontinence or other urinary symptoms in order to make a definitive, objective diagnosis. The aim is to help select the treatment most likely to be successful. The investigations are invasive and time consuming. Objectives The objective of this review was to determine if […]

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Antibiotic prophylaxis for short-term catheter bladder drainage in adults

Abstract Background Urinary tract infections account for about 40% of hospital-acquired (nosocomial) infections, and about 80% of urinary tract infections acquired in hospital are associated with urinary catheters. Objectives To determine if certain antibiotic prophylaxes are better than others in terms of prevention of urinary tract infections, complications, quality of life and cost-effectiveness in short-term […]

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